Refugee Children’s Health

About 90% of a child's brain develops in the first five years, the fastest period of their brain development. During this critical and significant stage, research shows that the environment will impact children throughout their life. During the first five years, a child’s early experiences and relationships are critical as they grow physically, emotionally and socially. Children also make major developmental milestones in movement, behavior, cognitive and communication skills. A supportive, safe and encouraging environment is critical for children to meet these developmental milestones. 

However, refugee children experience challenging family circumstances and intense physical and mental stress that can critically impact their development. Many refugee children and their families have been forcibly displaced fleeing conflict, violence and persecution. Many also experience loss of loved ones and loss of community. These circumstances also increase their vulnerability to abuse, neglect, violence, exploitation and trafficking. These can be experienced while they are in their country of origin, during the displacement process, or during the resettlement process here in the United States. Upon arrival into the United States, refugee families often lack economic resources, social networks, healthcare access and literacy, and knowledge of the host country’s language and culture. 

Accessing and seeking healthcare for refugee children and their families can be challenging. Access and utilization can be impacted by factors such as language barriers, cultural barriers, stigma, lack of culturally competent care, lack of knowledge and trust in Western Healthcare, and fear of discrimination.